Formal Analysis Essay for Art History Class Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formal Analysis for Art History Class - Essay Example (55.4 x 37.78 cm) (Plate) 25 3/4 x 18 5/8 inches. (65.41 x 47.31 cm) (sheet, irregular) (Artnet Worldwide Corporation, 2013). As a result, the painting is clear and visible to the naked eye where the audience enjoys its artistic perfection. Most notable is the color engraving, soft-ground etching, and scorper that define the texture, boundary, and coloration of the painting. Andre Racz who was an artist and professor of painting and sculpture made the painting in North America, United States in 1945 (Artnet Worldwide Corporation, 2013) (20th Century) with an adoption of the North America culture although he was born in Romania. Notably, there is a pencil inscription depicting the sign and date of signing on the painting, Perseus Beheading Medusa (ARCADJA, 2013). The painting received credit from the Credit?Gift of funds from the Print and Drawing Council with an accession Number?P.99.12.1. The painting, Perseus Beheading Medusa depicts the image of Perseus cutting the head off the Me dusa. Medusa also refers to the guardian protectress (Wallace, 2003). More so, the media terms Medusa as a Gorgon or a monster who was conversely a very beautiful maiden (Wallace, 2003). Nevertheless, Medusa desecrated the goddess Athena's temple by sleeping there with Poseidon prompting Poseidon to turn her into a monster with live snakes covering her head (Wallace, 2003). As such, the media refers to the Medusa as a monster with a face of a hideous human female with living venomous snakes on her head. Although, Medusa had three beautiful sisters, Medusa was the only moral one and her beauty mesmerized Poseidon. On the contrary, Medusa did not care about Poseidon and hence he turned her and her sisters into monsters (Wallace, 2003). Because of the aspect of being a monster, any person looking directly at the Medusa would immediately turn into stone (Wallace, 2003). In the same kingdom, Perseus was the son of Danae who later fell in love with Polydectes (Wallace, 2003). Subject to t he love affair between Perseus mother and Polydectes, Polydectes hatched a plot to kill Perseus by sending him to fetch the head of Medusa the monster (Wallace, 2003). However, the gods loved Perseus and helped him to succeed in cutting Medusa’s head. Indeed, they gave Perseus winged sandals, a curved sword, a helmet that made Perseus invisible, and a mirror like shield which allowed him to see a reflection of Medusa’s face and to avoid being turned into stone (Wallace, 2003). With these materials, Perseus was able to cut the head of Medusa and hence the painting according to the media. In addition, the media asserts that later on, the hero Perseus used the head of Medusa as a weapon before handing over the head to the goddess of Athena (Wallace, 2003). The painting, Perseus Beheading Medusa is a bronze sculpture and has been one of the most famous statues in modern art. At the time of producing this painting, Hayter and other artists were working at Atelier 17 where t hey were actively experimenting in color printing techniques. The painting has a dull look and depicts the sketchy image of a person holding a head. The person is also holding a sword on the right hand. The painting has artist's proof, signed, dated, titled, and inscribed "A/A" in pencil at the lower margin (ARCADJA, 2013). It has a very good, dark impression, a warm plate tone, and inky edges (ARCADJA, 2013). The black lines

A good mission and vision state Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A good mission and vision state - Coursework Example The use of mission statement is wide and is not limited to any type of institution or business concern. Thus, non-profit organizations, educational institutions, private businesses and governments all have their own mission statements that are unique in their own way. Nonetheless, there are certain aspects that make the mission statements of the commercial and non-profit organizations different from each other. An example of such would be the aspect of commercial purpose that is not visible in non-profit organizations. An organization also has to visualize its future position in order to remain competitive in the market and global competition. In this context, a vision statement helps an organization to determine its future vision at the time of its establishment. Thus, it enables the founders of the business or nonprofit organization to develop its goals and strategic policies in accordance with the vision that it has and desires to pursue in the long run. The vision statement can be based on a period of 5 to 20 years, depending upon its mission statement. The purpose of this paper is to identify the 5 criteria for developing an effective mission and vision statement. Also, the paper will discuss the rationale for the 5 criteria to qualify as an integral part of an effective mission and vision statement. At the end, the paper will compare the lists of criteria of mission and vision statement in order to analyze the similarities and the differences between the two. A mission statement can only be effective if it consists of all the basic elements for which it exists. For instance, the purpose of a mission statement is to establish the grounds on which the organization is formed. These grounds determine the nature, industry, target market and future economic and social benefits that the organization is aimed to provide. In order to make a difference and empower the organization with a strong mission, it is important to have an effective

Breast Cancer Information Essay Essay Example for Free

Breast Cancer Information Essay Essay Breast cancer is the malignant form of tumor that develops from the breast cells and is the most common form of cancer invasive in women worldwide. This is considered second in malignancy after skin cancer in women. It starts from the inner lining of the milk ducts and spreads to the surrounding tissue. Breast is composed of microscopic cells, which multiply in an orderly manner with older cells being replaced by new cells. Uncontrolled multiplication of cells in a progressive manner is the phenomenon in cancer. Milk duct is the most common spot for the cancer to begin and this form is also known as â€Å"ductal carcinoma. While most breast cancer cases occur in women, male breast cancer is also rarely present. Breast cancer has two forms: invasive and non-invasive. Invasive form of breast cancer is where the cancer cells reach the nearby tissue from inside the lobules. In such cases, cancer cells reach the lymph nodes and reach other organs through metastasis. Liver, lungs and bones may get affected. The cancer cells may even reach other body parts by traveling through bloodstream or lymphatic system. Non-invasive form of breast cancer is where the cancer cells are limited to the origin i.e. inside the lobules. It is usually the pre-cancerous stage where cancer cells haven’t actually spread outside the place of origin and are â€Å"in situ†. This over a period of time develops into invasive breast cancer. The type of breast cancer determines the treatment to be carried out in each case. For breast cancer to be diagnosed it is important that its symptoms be known. The signs of breast cancer that are evident to the patient include headache or pain. Sometimes a rash or swelling may develop. Symptoms are what the doctor can detect like thickening of the tissue in the woman’s breast. Presence of lumps is not a sure sign of cancer as lumps need not be cancerous every time. It is important to get a health check up done by professional in case of lumps. Here are some known signs and symptoms which women report before the detection of breast cancer and need be diagnosed for analysis: 1. Redness of skin 2. Lump formation in the breast 3. Pain in armpits or breast not during menstrual cycle but otherwise 4. Swelling in the armpits(lumps) 5. Nipples of breast turning sunken or inverted 6. Change in size and shape of breast 7. Rash present around the nipples 8. Thickened tissue of breast 9. Discharge which may be that of blood from the nipples 10. Peeling, scaling or flaking of skin of nipples or breast It must be noted that these symptoms are not confirmatory indicators of breast cancer but are only a possible sign of malignancy. It may rather be a cyst or infection that causes such symptoms. In cases where diagnosis gives positive results, further treatment and course of action needs to be started by the medical professional. Determination of cancer type and its grade and also if genetic mutation is responsible for it or if it is hormone receptive is to be done. Positive breast cancer determination gives rise to the need for determining whether the cancerous cells have spread to other organs, tissues or bones. Effective treatments can cure the cancer or prevent it from spreading further. Local or systematic treatment based on the size, nature and extent of tumor is carried out post diagnosis. Surgery and radiation are means of local treatment where cancer cells are tried to be destroyed without affecting the other body parts or remaining body. Breast-sparing lumpectomy or mastectomy in aggressive form where the entire breast may have to be removed can be done as a part of the surgery. Systematic treatments involve targeting of bloodstream in the entire body and are given through mouth to reach target cancer cells. Toxic drugs such as cyclophoshamide or methotrexate may be used in such treatments. Biological treatment is the most recent form where therapy is used to strengthen the immune system to fight the cancer cells and curb the growth of cancer cells which have protein in higher levels. Which treatment regimen is adopted for a patient depends upon the age, type and stage of cancer. Since women over 50 years of age are most likely to develop cancer, early diagnosis can prevent cancer from happening altogether in many cases. Breast cancer screening tests are recommended in women over 40 years of age which are tests done without the  presence of any symptom. Detection is done by self exams, check up by medical experts or clinical mammography. Women who have family history of cancer must undergo the early screening tests as they are at higher risk of developing the malignancy through genes. Although causes of breast cancer are not ascertained, there are many factors that can be considered for its likelihood in females. As age progresses, the risk of developing breast cancer grows. Genetics also play a major role. Breast cancer is more common in such women whose close relative had ovarian cancer. If a woman had developed the non-invasive problem ever in her life, she is quite likely to develop breast cancer again in lifetime. Breast lumps at some stage can turn into cancer later on. For women with dense breast tissues, the chance of developing breast cancer is always higher. It is very crucial that a breast cancer gets diagnosed for the treatment to begin. The doctors have wider range of options to begin and judge the patient’s progress and prevent metastasis from occurring. Staging of cancer, i.e. the extent to which cancer has evolved in patient’s body can be determined only after its diagnosis. Further survival rates are highly dependent upon the type, stage and location of cancer. Women can keep away breast cancer by eating healthy diet, drinking less alcohol and breastfeeding their children besides being physically active in their routines. Breast cancer can be managed through surgery or chemotherapy or both in case needed. Risk of reoccurrence is a prominent factor during treatment and thus prevention is always better than cure.

Metal Health Support for Youth Depression

Metal Health Support for Youth Depression Introduction Feeling sad, unhappy, or down in the dumps occasionally is not unusual, however when these feelings outweigh a youths happiness or excitement it is concerning. Depression is a common and severe disorder amongst adolescences. Depression has lasting effects on an individuals feelings, thoughts, self-worth, behaviors, social relationships, physical functioning, biological developments, work productivity, and life fulfillment. It is a common psychiatric disorder that often affects adolescences and has been ranked as the fourth leading cause of disability and early death worldwide. Depression not only affects emotions but is a serious condition which makes coping difficult and leaves a person feeling sad most of the time. Feelings of sadness and low self-worth are overwhelming and can last for weeks, months or even longer for individuals (Beyondblue, n.d.).   Incorporating mental health programs into the lives of youth is valuable to send a message to individuals that depression is treatable, people can help, and that things can improve. Children and adolescents spend a considerable amount of time at school, and it is necessary for schools to offer mental health programs that include prevention and intervention services targeted at youth suffering from depression (Stallard, 2013). This paper will discuss the causation of adolescent depression, physical manifestations, educational supports, and professional supports.   Causation Everyone experiences depression differently and there is not an easy answer for why youth develop the condition, but there is a combination of reasons. It is a mental illness that significantly affects youth. Depression is more common amongst girls than boys but boys often find it hard to share their feelings (Beyondblue, n.d.). Some of the common causes of youth depression are the same as adults such as biological causes, stress, and trying life events. Other causes of youth depression include parenting, substance abuse, and low self-worth (Coleman, Walker, Lee, Friesen, & Squire, 2009). According to Mental Health America, depressed youth can have too much or too little of certain brain chemicals which also causes depression. Other sources of depression are having a family history of depression, side-effects from medications, and persistent negative thought patterns (Depression in Teens, 2016,).  Ã‚   It is normal for people to feel sad or discouraged at times because we all feel these emotions at some point due to various life events. Such life events like fighting with a friend, a breakup happening, getting a poor grade on an assignment or test, or the death of someone can all create feelings of sadness or disappointment. Non-depressed individuals experiencing these events and feelings manage to deal with the emotions and get past them with a little time and care. However, depressed people experience these events differently because the feelings last longer and affects not only the persons mood but their thinking too (Lyness, 2016,). Many things can change how we think, feel, and behave; however stressful life events can cause youth to develop depression. Symptoms might present with feelings of sadness, distress, and anxiety, however over time they become more intense and overwhelming. Prevalent causes of depression in youth are loss and grief, bullying, alcohol and drug use, low self-esteem and body image, discrimination, physical health problems, life events, family breakups, and loneliness. Stress is another common factor in an adolescent’s life and when young people are under stress, it can increase their likely hood of developing depression. At times problems can seem too big and overwhelming to solve, but the best thing adolescents can do is talk to someone. Youth who take steps and recognize how they feel are on their way to recovery (Andersen, & Teicher, 2008; Beyondblue, n.d.).  Ã‚  Ã‚   Physical Manifestations One in five youth suffer from clinical depression, and more than 25% of adolescents will experience a major depressive disorder by age nineteen. Depression is also prevalent amongst 1% of the population under age twelve, but between age fifteen to eighteen is dominant amongst 17% to 25% of youth. Depression is not an easy diagnosis amongst youth because they have different signs compared to adults. Moodiness amongst youth is common, but when it lasts for more than two weeks help should be sought. Adolescents are likely to be irritable without visible signs of sadness. On the other hand, depressed youth will have low school performance, withdraw from friends and activities, feel hopeless, lack enthusiasm and energy, overreact to criticism, have low self-esteem, lack concentration, feel restless and on edge, have a change in eating and sleeping patterns, develop problems with authority, and exhibit suicidal thoughts or actions. Young people feeling depressed have increased feelings of irritability, sadness, stress, anger, restless, and over analyze what is on their mind. Other feelings youth might experience are guilt, worthlessness, frustration, unhappiness, indecisiveness, and disappointment (Depression in Teens, 2016).   Adolescents experience more emotional and behavioral problems than do non-depressed youth. Young people who are depressed can have co-occurring disorders such as anxiety, difficulties paying attention and hyperactivity, aggression, substance use, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Youth who are experiencing depression not only have personal issues, but their social relationships are affected too. Depressed adolescents feel unsupported by friends and adults. Youth also show more signs of a lack of interest in activities they find enjoyable, feel extremely sleepy throughout the day, have a decreased ability to think and focus, feel deeply saddened, and suicidal. Suicide unfolds with age, therefore before the age of ten it is rare for children to have suicidal thoughts or actions, but increases between the age of ten and fourteen, and rises ten times higher in youth ages fifteen to nineteen (Andersen, & Teicher, 2008).   Educational Support Implications Since depression is a common mental health diagnosis amongst youth, it is important to know depression screening is one possible method for managing depression. Then again, there are risk factors for screening youth. A few risk factors are testing is costly, it can cause harm to some people due to misdiagnoses and in proper treatment, and there could be false positive results if screening tools are not administered properly. Across the United States, screening programs have been implemented in some schools and medical settings. Screening is an early intervention to help detect signs and symptoms amongst youth who otherwise show none. Depression symptom questionnaires and small sets of questions are used for testing to identify individuals who may have current depression that has not been recognized (Thombs, Roseman, & Kloda, 2012).   Depression is not easy to determine amongst youth due to the different symptoms, on the other hand few children are identified and referred for treatment. Schools are natural and convenient setting for mental health prevention programs to be offered. Youth regularly spend a substantial majority of their time at school. Many adolescents who have depression have no contact with mental health services. Schools can provide universal programs to target all youth regardless of risk, or they can provide selective interventions which target selected groups with an increased risk. When providing a global approach schools can cover a larger population and mental health is less stigmatizing; however, the programs can result in smaller treatment effects. Programs can be appealing and have a significant impact on mental health if supported and implemented correctly (Stallard, 2013).  Ã‚  Ã‚   At school youth also need to be able to talk with a counselor or social worker about their feelings. They also need to be provided with adequate daily exercise, exposure to daylight, and healthier eating options. School personnel can teach relaxation skills to help increase sleep and decrease feelings of worry. Many adolescents find it beneficial to confide in and talk to a trusting adult. Educators can listen and show empathy, remind the youth that things can get better and that they are there for them, help them see things that are already good in their life, find enjoyable things to do, and give honest compliments and smiles. Youth need to be educated on how to manage sad feelings. In order to help youth gain positive coping skills, schools need to provide educational curriculum on eating healthy foods, getting the right amount of sleep, exercising, taking time to relax, and taking time to notice the good things in life (Lyness, 2016, August). Schools can be a common place for stu dents to see a mental health professional; therefore, it is important for schools to have effective school-based programs to address mental health issues in the schools. It is vital for schools to provide school personnel opportunities for training in recognizing youth depression. Classroom teachers have contact with students throughout the school day and are likely to see changes in students behaviors. Not only is it important to recognize depression in youth, but it is necessary to evaluate and treat depressed adolescents. School counselors, school nurses, school psychologist, and school social workers can help students experiencing depression, especially if youth are not receiving professional outside counseling. These school personnel are trained to recognize and plan for mental health issues in students and should be utilized to help students with depression. School mental health professionals can screen students for mental health, develop interventions and plans, provide prevention programs, and provide individual or group counseling. Although schools have resources, to be most helpful, schools should connect with resources outside of school (B eyondblue, n.d.; Stallard, 2013).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Professional Supports Youth struggling with depression need immediate treatment because if left untreated it can lead to death. Some adolescents may refuse treatment; however significant adults in their life can seek professional help. Depressed youth should see a therapist to assist them in understanding why they feel the way they do and to learn how to use coping skills to handle stressful situations. There are individual counseling options available along with group and family counseling opportunities. When working with a mental health professional, youth may be presented with the possibility of medication to help feel better. Several factors contribute to youth depression, but prompt and appropriate treatment are critical in helping youth cope with depression. When working with a therapist young people can do psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and medication (Depression in Teens, 2016). With the right care and treatment, depression can get better and easier to manage. Individuals who are depressed should not wait to get help because things can only get worse. Youth who feel depressed should talk to a parent or an adult and get the right help. A medical doctor can provide a checkup and look for symptoms causing depression. Different medical conditions that might cause depression include hypothyroidism and mono. Another resource for youth is to utilize a therapist or counselor to talk about his/her emotional state. Speaking to a counselor or therapist allows individuals to understand emotions, put feelings into words, feel understood and supported, builds confidence, increases problem-solving skills, helps change negative thinking, increases self-worth, and increases experiencing positive emotions (Lyness, 2016). Conclusion Youth depression is growing at a fast rate. When young people are feeling down, they can try to make new healthy friendships, participate in sports, a job, other school activities, or hobbies, join an organization, and ask a trusted adult for help. However, sometimes these will not help an individual, and they become depressed (Depression in Teens, 2016, December 08). Even though schools provide mental health programs for youth at risk, many students with mental health diagnoses are being untreated. In schools, it is common for school counselors, school nurses, school psychologist, and school social workers to provide mental health services to students. Schools are a safe place for youth to become educated positive, healthy ways to cope with stressful life circumstances. Depression can go unrecognized because people do not realize they are depressed, it might be misunderstood as a bad mood, or some people with depression have co-occurring mental health issues. Without recognition of a change in mood, thoughts, and behaviors many depressed adolescents will turn to unhealthy coping mechanisms such as alcohol, tobacco, and drugs; therefore, depression education for all individuals is essential (Depression in Teens, 2016).   References Andersen, S. L., & Teicher, M. H. (2008). Stress, sensitive periods and maturational events in adolescent depression.  Trends in Neurosciences,31(4), 183-191. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.01.004 Beyondblue. (n.d.). Retrieved July 6, 2017, from https://www.youthbeyondblue.com/understand what%27s-going-on/depression Coleman, D., Walker, J., Lee, J., Friesen, B., & Squire, P. (2009). Childrens Beliefs About Causes of Childhood Depression and ADHD: A Study of Stigmatization.  Psychiatric Services,60(7). doi:10.1176/appi.ps.60.7.950 Depression in Teens. (2016, December 08). Retrieved July 07, 2017, from http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/conditions/depression-teens Lyness, D. (Ed.). (2016, August). Depression. Retrieved July 06, 2017, from http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/depression.html# Stallard, P. (2013). School-based interventions for depression and anxiety in children and adolescents.  Evidence Based Mental Health,16(3), 60-61. doi:10.1136/eb-2013-101242 Thombs, B. D., Roseman, M., & Kloda, L. A. (2012). Depression screening and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol.  Systematic Reviews,1(1). doi:10.1186/2046-4053-1-58

An Inspector Calls :: English Literature

An Inspector calls is set in 1912 and was written for a 1946 audience. What can it have to offer an audience in 2002? An Inspector calls. 'An Inspector calls' was written by J.B. Priestly in 1945, and was first shown to an audience in 1946. It was set in 1912, before the Second World War had started, and was to be shown, after the Second World War had ended. 'An inspector calls' is a dramatic, moralistic thriller. It is set around the death of a young woman: Eva Smith. The play begins with the Birling family celebrating the engagement of their daughter Sheila, to the wealthy Gerald Croft. In this part of the play you learn a lot about the social system of that era, the way people acted, and the way they thought. The doorbell, and the arrival of an Inspector interrupt their 'celebration'. From now on the mood changes, contrasting the light-hearted and happy mood; it now becomes tense and serious. The Inspector reveals each characters involvement in the death of Eva Smith, side by side with the flaws and evils in each characters' personality. This slowly reveals to the audience that the Inspector is a lot more then he seems, and that the play is not only a 'murder mystery', but also resembles a moralistic play of the middle ages, but in it's own socialistic manner. It also shows the flaws in the social system at the times, which are displayed in each character, and in the consequences of their acts. The audience are shown how some people ignore the reality of their actions, and even after seeing the consequence of their actions, refuse to change. Mr and Mrs Birling are portrayed as selfish and ignorant of their actions, while Sheila and Eric, as a contrast, have fully realised their mistakes and have changed the way they think. The inspector is successful in changing two of the characters, but is not successful in the rest. Priestly is in a way playing the Inspector, to his audience, showing them the consequences of their actions, and what will happen if they do not change. 'An Inspector calls' has many underlying messages, most of which are still relevant to us today. The question as to whether 'An inspector calls' is out of date, is a long argued and debated question. Both sides of the argument have valid points, and in order to come to a fair decision, you must consider both these sides of the argument. I am going to consider three statements about 'An Inspector calls' and after studying each one, am gong to come up with a decision.

The Struggle of Equality for Blacks in the 21st Century Essay -- essay

The Struggle of Equality for Blacks in the 21st Century On December 29, 2004, Richard Blakey was applying for a job interview at the very prestigious Public Relations firm, Ketchum, in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. He was the only black man applying for the job. Little did he know that he had no chance of getting the job no matter how qualified he was for the position because he was a black man and his counterparts were white. He went into the interview and gave it everything that he had. The executive director told him that his skills were extraordinary and he was very impressed. Richard left Ketchum with a smile on his face knowing that he made an impression and will be getting a call in about a week. Three weeks passed and Richard finally received a phone call from the Ketchum organization, and the same executive director that gave him the interview told him that he had not received the job. When Richard asked him why, the executive director stated that he was too dark for the public relations firm, and that the job was given to a white man . Richard hung up the phone and began to cry. Have you ever encountered racism? If your answer is no, you’re either very lucky or very naive. Chances are, you have. Perhaps you’ve never seen someone being denied a job because of the color of their skin, but chances are, you remember the Rodney King beating and the O.J. Simpson trial, or you’ve heard someone comment that black men are better basketball players than their white teammates or that they are more likely to be on welfare than white people are. If so, then you’ve encountered racism. According to The Random House College Dictionary, Racism, or Racialism, is defined as â€Å"the theory or idea that there is a causal link between inherited physical traits and certain traits of personality, intellect, or culture and, combined with it, the notion that some races are inherently superior to others.† It is found in many forms, and it has profoundly shaped our history as Americans. Most often in our culture, when racism is mentioned, it refers to the relationship between white people, which make up the majority, and black people, which compose a sizable minority It seems to me, that after all the years of struggling for equality blacks should no longer have to fight for what they want in America, but that is not true. Blacks are still fighting for things that are given to white... ...Moving Beyond Racial Preferences.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3/4/05,volume 51, issue26, pb13, 2p. Okazawa-Ray.Margo, Journal of Health. Economic, Social, and Racial Justice: The   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Survival of the African American Family. Social Policy, 1997, volume 9. Issue 1,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  p15, 7p. The Libertarian Party Press Release. Blacks are the biggest victims of racist government   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  policies, say libertarians. 1994-2003.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.p.org/press/archive.php?function=view&record=724 Torpay, John. Journal of Human Rights. Paying for the Past? The Movement for African   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Americans. June 2004, volume3, issue 2, p171, 17p. Wilson. In Prejudice and Racism, The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997. From â€Å"Racism: It Is Always There† by Elizabeth Martinez Smith. From Prejudice and Racism, 2nd ed., 1997, by James M. Jones. www.cnn.com/arhive/2000/us/09/2/us.racism.ap/ www.capmag.om/article.asp? ID=2286 www.vernonjohns.org/rosemary1246/repubs.html it will be me.

Society and Sexuality in Waiting for the Barbarians and The History of

Society and Sexuality in Waiting for the Barbarians, and The History of Sexuality  Ã‚   Within our modern minds reside two very different ways in which we deal with the subject of sexuality. The conceptual framework of modern society, to some extent, has developed out of past notions about the body. We can see that springing from our historical roots, issues concerning sexuality have been dealt with through mutual feelings of desire and disgust. The relationship between these two opposed feelings arises from a dual sense of our awareness of our sexuality. One direction we are pointed in, is to view anything sexual in content, as socially digressive. The other crosses to the opposite extreme. Sexuality is something which is talked about constantly, but usually not openly. We are also, in some ways, drawn by our sexuality to feel desire for our "other side"--the side which we do not show to many other people. Both of the poles represent aspects of a spectrum on which all of us lie, at once drawn to both extremes. The fact that we fall somewhere on that scale in the first place, points to another reason outside the reaches of the immediate family. The situation we are placed in as individuals of modernity, is an arena of pre-constructed rules and regulations regarding our sexuality. The doctrine of sex in our world has been determined by the actions and thoughts of past generations. We build upon their conceptual machinery to g enerate our own meaning within the world. The duality between desire and disgust, in relation to sexuality, is something which has been passed down to us through generations of social learning. In his book, The History of Sexuality, Michel Foucault presents evidence pointing to the connection between... ...nterest in the subject as a hidden part of human existence. The double mechanism of distancing one’s self and the desire to personally experience something, serves to formulate the ways in which we view our sexuality. Through the creation of this binary relationship, we as a society, have been taught that there are parts of ourselves which are off limits in normal discussion. To go past those lines is to travel in realms which hint of "perversion" or of experiencing an "alternate lifestyle". This societal creation tells us that some parts of our personality are ones which we should not explore, though we might be driven to. It is because of those drives, which exist in all of us, that we are forced to come to terms with ourselves, and what it means to be a part of our society. Works Cited: Coetzee, J.M. 1980 Waiting for the Barbarians Harmondsworth, Penguin.

Stay at Home Mom

â€Å"Because I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to succeed. If I fail, no one will say, â€Å"She doesn't have what it takes. †Ã‚   They will say, â€Å"Women don't have what it takes. †Ã‚  Being a stay at home mother has its benefits but it most definitely has its flaws. In the old days women had no choice but to stay at home; cooking, cleaning, making sure dinner was ready on time. They had no say if they wanted to work or finish school. Just imagine living day to day in the same routine. Visualize waking up at 6:30 am making the beds, then breakfast and that kiss goodbye before he went to work.At first this must feel amazing spending all this time with your child bonding and not missing a moment. But where’s your me time? 4 out of 5 mothers are happier when they work. They can have adult conversations and take a sick day. Being a stay at home mom is a 24-hour, 7-day-a-week job with no pay. What woman wants to feel financially dependent of her spouse? â€Å"I see my husband once a week. But since he is making the bulk of the income, I can't really be resentful about that. At the same time, I feel like we have two separate lives. † In this day and age budgets are tighter than usual. Why add on to your stress with bills and payments.It’s true that you might miss out on your child’s first word or first steps but absence makes the heart grow fonder. You can’t be a stay at home mom forever. What will you do with your free time when your child starts school? In most cases the child grows too attached to their mom and doesn’t have enough communication skills to share with other kids. Daycare has evolved because you can go to work and your child learns how to play others. Children become more independent and self-reliant when they don't have you there to do everything for them, which is better for both of you in the long run.You lose a lot of your freedom because your child has to go everywhere with you even the bathroom. When you need time to cook or just take a breather who’s to say you won’t just place your child in front of the TV for an hour. Women fought for the opportunity to be as equal as men especially in the job area. We are not less of a mother for thinking of ourselves a little. This shows your child to be strong and independent. Your child will grow attached to you but you will also be more attached to your child. What happens when college comes along and your baby is leaving you. What will you do with all that time, Knit, bake, read.You’ll go mad and feel abandoned. You won’t have the skills you did when you were working. Not to say that one is easier than the other they both take a lot of effort. After you work you’ll be exhausted and trying to find time for your kid and husband. You will feel pressured to make the time you do have with your kid’s quality time, so you can actually overwhelm them. As a stay at home mom you w ill have time to clean and more time with friends and family. But overall the extra effort is worth it. Woman will feel more accomplished in their life’s and have a sense of purpose.

History of the Werewolf

The werewolf is a myth that has been around since the ancient Greeks and is still prevalent in today’s culture. Some websites say that the origins of werewolf’s are in the territory of the Fox tribe today known as Wisconsin. People who have seen a werewolf have described it as a tall, greyish white beast that stands on its hind legs. Some legends say that werewolf’s are the seventh child born, others say they are men that have gone on angry rampages killing entire villages in wolf hides, others say the full moon causes men to change into wolves and become violent.Before researching this paper I had questions about where the term werewolf may have originated. I also pondered about when the first recorded sightings may have been for werewolves or how to become a werewolf. During my research I found out that the prefix â€Å"wer† is Saxon for man, so it means man wolf. It is said that the first sighting of a werewolf was recorded in 1550 B. C. near Arcadia. T he story is about King Lycaon of Arcadia who supposedly gave an offering of human flesh to the God Zeus. As a punishment Zeus turned him into a wolf.In Native American mythology it is said that Wisakachek produced the first werewolf. I found out that people can become werewolves through a virus called Lupine Parvovirus or LPV. This can only be transmitted by a wolf bite. Usually a virus takes over a cell and uses it as a factory or host for producing proteins. LPV is different from most viruses in that sense because it transforms the host organism instead of destroying it. The story starts with Wisakachek meeting two boys out hunting for their village.He gave the hunters the ability to shape-shift into wolves in order to catch deer, but only for catching deer not to kill humans. The one boy named Matchitehew got into a scrum with another boy from the village. In his anger he turned into a wolf and killed the boy. The two hunters Keme and Matchitehew were kicked out of the village. W isakachek became furious and casted a spell on Matchitehew that turned him into a mindless wolf every night. Keme left knowing that Matchitehew would not be able to control himself.Matchitehew became known as the father of werewolves. In present times werewolves have more influence than ever. From dominating the screen to books the legend of the werewolf lives on. Movies and books such as Twilight have deep mythical roots. With the books and movies grossing well over three billion dollars we could deduce that werewolves play a role in the world’s economy. Another effect werewolves have on society is they are vicious man eating beasts that may hurt little children. History of the Werewolf The werewolf is a myth that has been around since the ancient Greeks and is still prevalent in today’s culture. Some websites say that the origins of werewolf’s are in the territory of the Fox tribe today known as Wisconsin. People who have seen a werewolf have described it as a tall, greyish white beast that stands on its hind legs. Some legends say that werewolf’s are the seventh child born, others say they are men that have gone on angry rampages killing entire villages in wolf hides, others say the full moon causes men to change into wolves and become violent.Before researching this paper I had questions about where the term werewolf may have originated. I also pondered about when the first recorded sightings may have been for werewolves or how to become a werewolf. During my research I found out that the prefix â€Å"wer† is Saxon for man, so it means man wolf. It is said that the first sighting of a werewolf was recorded in 1550 B. C. near Arcadia. T he story is about King Lycaon of Arcadia who supposedly gave an offering of human flesh to the God Zeus. As a punishment Zeus turned him into a wolf.In Native American mythology it is said that Wisakachek produced the first werewolf. I found out that people can become werewolves through a virus called Lupine Parvovirus or LPV. This can only be transmitted by a wolf bite. Usually a virus takes over a cell and uses it as a factory or host for producing proteins. LPV is different from most viruses in that sense because it transforms the host organism instead of destroying it. The story starts with Wisakachek meeting two boys out hunting for their village.He gave the hunters the ability to shape-shift into wolves in order to catch deer, but only for catching deer not to kill humans. The one boy named Matchitehew got into a scrum with another boy from the village. In his anger he turned into a wolf and killed the boy. The two hunters Keme and Matchitehew were kicked out of the village. W isakachek became furious and casted a spell on Matchitehew that turned him into a mindless wolf every night. Keme left knowing that Matchitehew would not be able to control himself.Matchitehew became known as the father of werewolves. In present times werewolves have more influence than ever. From dominating the screen to books the legend of the werewolf lives on. Movies and books such as Twilight have deep mythical roots. With the books and movies grossing well over three billion dollars we could deduce that werewolves play a role in the world’s economy. Another effect werewolves have on society is they are vicious man eating beasts that may hurt little children.

Mind games a reaction

Motion Perception into Our World that is Always in Action by: Allayed C. Marital Discussing about your brain and how it reacts to motion in order to make decisions is the main idea tackled in the â€Å"Brain Games: Motion Commotion† episode. Brain Games is a television series that explores the components of the human brain. Through the use of social experiments and interactive showmanship, this show encourages the viewers to participate in the said brain games, in which they'll be able to unravel the main points presented by each episode.In the mentioned episode, it stated that you are in a world that is constantly moving, the human brain had to develop a pretty sophisticated sense of motion in order to survive and that is apparent motion wherein we see a series of still images that are strung together very quickly and our brain perceives this as motion. Various experiments are done for the viewers to have an easy understanding of the factors connected to the topic, movement perception of the brain. The initial experiment is to observe an Auto Kinetic image wherein our rain is tricked into seeing motion – even though there isn't any.Our visual cortex is the one who is responsible for this, we tend to think that It is the picture that's doing the trick but actually we are the one who's doing It because our visual cortex Is designed to detect and see motion whether we like It or not. In the proceeding experiments I learned that we humans having evolved as visual animals are all hard- wired to notice and be captivated by motion this Is what the scientists call the brain's Orienting Response in which we feel compelled to look at anything that moves within our field of vision.Our peripheral vision Is much more sensitive to motion than the rest of our eye this Is exhibited through the coin shoulder trick. I suppose that the latter part of the episode became more dragging as It exposed the viewers Into more astounding experiments In which It appeared th at sound can really change the motion we perceive– because motion Is ambiguous. Moreover, It Is not always what we see or what we hear but sometimes It Is also what we feel or what we predict to feel. So I find out that motion can really be deceptive at many times.I believe that our brain and our eyes are always playing a trick on us thus making our body feel that It Is In motion even though we are Just sitting still and this Is the so-called vector wherein It Is not only our eyes that perceive motion but also our body?†vector† perception of self motion Induced by visual stimuli. The episode was ended by the answer on the question stated on the Introduction of the show on about how can we travel thousands of kilometers while we are Just sitting and It Is very enthralling to covers that we are traveling 1,600 kilometers per minute because we are accustomed to the Earth's constant motion.The episode didn't finish with Just nothing, It answered many deceptive questio ns. And left the viewers with bunch of new learning and wondrous discoveries about our constantly moving world and how we evolved and coped with It. It Is amazing how our brain works and how It develops together with the Innovating world. Motion will always be a part of our lives which means our brain process In perceiving motion will always continue to develop and Interpret things around us. He one who is responsible for this, we tend to think that it is the picture that's doing the trick but actually we are the one who's doing it because our visual cortex is designed to detect and see motion whether we like it or not. In the proceeding wired to notice and be captivated by motion this is what the scientists call the brain's our field of vision. Our peripheral vision is much more sensitive to motion than the rest of our eye this is exhibited through the coin shoulder trick.I suppose that the tater part of the episode became more dragging as it exposed the viewers into more astoundin g experiments in which it appeared that sound can really change the motion we perceive– because motion is ambiguous. Moreover, it is not always what we see or what we hear but sometimes it is also what we feel or what we predict to brain and our eyes are always playing a trick on us thus making our body feel that it is in motion even though we are Just sitting still and this is the so-called eviction wherein it is not only our eyes that perceive motion but also our reception of self motion induced by visual stimuli.The episode was ended by the answer on the question stated on the introduction of the show on about how can we travel thousands of kilometers while we are Just sitting and it is very enthralling to nothing, it answered many deceptive questions. And left the viewers with bunch of we evolved and coped with it. It is amazing how our brain works and how it develops together with the innovating world. Motion will always be a part of our lives which means our brain proce ss in perceiving motion will always continue to develop and interpret things around us.

Civil Rights Breached in The Trial by Franz Kafka essays

Civil Rights Breached in The Trial by Franz Kafka essays The Trial by Franz Kafka is a remarkable study of the effects of a dictatorship upon freedoms granted in most democracies of today. Throughout the book, Josef K. experiences numerous violations of the principles of law that we take for granted in daily life. Kafka takes this idea of a corrupt and omnipresent justice system and tells us of the life of a man that did nothing wrong. Even at the conclusion of the book, when Josef K. is executed, there is still no indication of the nature of the crime with which he was accused. This is the first, and most heinous, violation of the principles of justice. When Josef K. is first arrested, the reader assumes that K. has committed some sort of crime that makes him deserving of the arrest. It is soon found out, however, that the guards arresting K. have no idea of why he is being arrested. K. is then forced to wait, held prisoner in his apartment, for an inspector to arrive, presumably to inform him of what crime he was arrested for and to take him away. In fact, upon the inspectors arrival, K. is simply told, yet again, that he is to be arrested. This continues throughout the book until its conclusion. Yet, throughout the proceedings of the trial, Josef K. and his temporary lawyer were able to submit petitions for evidence to defend K. against a crime that neither of them knew. There is obviously no fairness in this act at all. How is the accused supposed to put up a defense against a charge they do not know of? Evidence is meaningless because there is no idea of what will actually be useful. On top of this, it becomes eviden t to the reader that evidence made no difference in the trial, and instead, the outcome was solely based on connections, contacts, and acquaintances. Even if the right people were known, which seemed to be nearly impossible in the court, the odds of swaying their opinions seemed to be futile because there were so many people involved. Thus it can be...

No Embassies - Countries Without Diplomatic Relations

No Embassies - Countries Without Diplomatic Relations These four countries and Taiwan do not have official diplomatic relations with (nor an embassy in) the United States. Bhutan According to the Unites States Department of State, The United States and the Kingdom of Bhutan have not established formal diplomatic relations; however, the two governments have informal and cordial relations. However, informal contact is maintained through the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi to the mountainous country of Bhutan. Cuba Although the island country of Cuba is a close neighbor to the United States, the U.S. only interacts with Cuba via a U.S. Interests office at the Swiss Embassy in Havana and Washington D.C. The U.S. broke diplomatic relations with Cuba on January 3, 1961 Iran On April 7, 1980, the United States broke diplomatic relations with theocratic Iran, and on April 24, 1981, the Swiss Government assumed representation of U.S. interests in Tehran. Iranian interests in the United States are represented by the Government of Pakistan. North Korea The communist dictatorship of North Korea is not on friendly terms with the U.S. and while talks between the two countries are ongoing, there is no exchange of ambassadors. Taiwan Taiwan is not recognized as an independent country by the U.S. since the island nation claimed by the mainland Peoples Republic of China. Unofficial commercial and cultural relations between Taiwan and the United States are maintained through an unofficial instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office, with headquarters in Taipei and field offices in Washington D.C. and 12 other U.S. cities.

Quotes From the Movie Borat

Quotes From the Movie Borat The 2006 film Borat, starring Sasha Baron Cohen, is a comedy about a fictional man from Kazakhstan who comes to America and finds it very different than he expected. Its full title is Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan.   The Backstory of Borat: Controversy and Criticism The film is a style known as mockumentary (think Spinal Tap), and many of the Americans who Borat interviewed were supposedly unaware he was an actor and not a real Kazakh journalist. (A few were none too pleased with how they were portrayed in the film, and claimed that they were duped into participating.) The film and its highly crude humor made it extremely controversial even before it was released in theaters, and Borat was banned in many Arab countries. Nonetheless, Cohen won a Golden Globe for his performance, and the movie was a critical and box office success. Here are some weird and wild quotes from this unusual movie. Be warned that theyre definitely not for a family audience and may be offensive to some readers. Borats Conversations With Others Mike Jared: Im, er... recently retired...Borat: You are a retard? Azamat: [arguing with Borat] Whats in California?Borat: [making it up] Pearl Harbor is there. So is Texas. Borat: Your dog is a loser... you are upset?Dog Show Contestant: No, no. I dont get upset. Sometimes you win, sometimes you lose.Borat: You will put him in a sack in the river? Borat  [To Veteran Feminists of America, on being questioned whether women should be educated] Is it not a problem that the woman have a smaller brain than a man? The government scientist Dr. Yamuka has proved it is  size  of  squirrel. More From the Mouth of Borat You let  women in cinemas here? In my  country, we have a pen outside for the animals and  womens.I bring iPod back from America and I get my  neighbor  iPod mini... because it is for girls!I can hit a gypsy with a rock from 15 meters away if chained... ten if not.I say this because  I had a very bad gypsy attack... they stole my wife, plow... and they touch my horse in a very bad way... he got very depressed.In my country, we say to let a woman drive a car is like to let a monkey fly a plane, very dangerous yes.Kazakhstan is the greatest country in the world; all other countries are run by little girls.Kazakhstan is number one exporter of potassium; other Central Asian countries have inferior potassium.I arrived in Americas airport with  clothings, US dollars, and a jar of gypsy tears to protect me from AIDS.Democracy is different in America. For  example,  women can vote but  horse  can not!Please, you come see my film. If it not  success, I will  be execu te.

Brown v Board of Education essays

Brown v Board of Education essays Analysis of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka On June 7, 1892 a man named Homer Adolph Plessy was arrested and jailed for refusing to leave the White section of an East Louisiana Railroad train. Although Plessy was only one-eighths black, under Louisiana law he was considered black and, therefore, required to sit in the Colored section. The punishment for breaking this law, the Separate Car Act, was a fine of twenty-five dollars or twenty days in jail. Plessy went to court and argued, in Homer Adolph Plessy v. The State of Louisiana, that the Separate Car Act violated the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution. The judge hearing the case was John Howard Ferguson, who had recently ruled that the Separate Car Act was unconstitutional if the train was traveling through different states. However, in Plessys case, he decided that the state had the right to segregate the trains that operated in Louisiana only. Therefore, Plessy was found guilty. He, then, appealed to the Supreme Court of Louisiana, which uphe ld Fergusons decision. In 1896, the Supreme Court of the United States heard the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. Once again, Fergusons decision was upheld and Plessy was found guilty. The Supreme Court decided that the Separate Car Act did not violate the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery. This was too obvious for argument. They, also, decided that it did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment, which made the two races absolutely equal in the eyes of the law. It was decided that there was no violation of the constitution to separate the two races as long as they were equal (Cozzens). An eight-person majority decided the case, and the only Judge to disagree was Justice John Harlan who seemed to predict the future when he wrote: Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citiz...

Sustainable Development the Banking Sector

Sustainable Development the Banking Sector Many financial institutions have realized the importance of sustainable development. Several banks are currently involved in approaches, which help other business firms understand the importance of sustainable business practices. Banking institutions need to review their lending policies to ensure borrowers use credit obtained in a sustainable manner.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Sustainable Development: the Banking Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Financial regulators need to establish strong codes of conduct to ensure banks comply with social and environmental regulations. Banks need to assess if their borrowers have complied with crucial environmental requirements before offering them credit (Stephens and Skinner 175). This will make them transact with customers who are willing to fulfill their social and environmental responsibilities. Some investments which banks finance impact greatly on climate chan ge. They have been criticized for giving less attention to environmental and social issues. The banking sector needs to reclaim public trust and confidence to clean up its reputation. Many banks were heavily involved in the recent global financial crisis, whose effects continue to be felt in many economies. Many financial sectors are not well regulated, which makes it possible for some banks to engage in unethical practices. Banks need to include environmental and social compliance in the loan application criteria, before giving out credit to business owners. This will make them vet corporate loan applicants to determine their level of compliance to social and environmental goals. Banks award their top executives a lot of incentives and this contributes to income inequalities in many societies. These incentives encourage banks to pursue profitability more aggressively, at the expense of environmental and social issues (Stephens and Skinner 176). Many banks are only interested in goo d financial results, which do not have a positive impact on the society. SWIFT, an association of more than 10,000 banks operating in over 200 countries, has proposed radical measures to enable banks contribute positively to sustainable development.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This association has introduced various proposals which advise banks to make a positive impact on social and environmental issues The initiative aims to encourage banks to develop products, which support socially sustainable businesses because they make a bigger impact on the lives of poor people. Small and medium enterprises, whose operations conform to social and environmental goals, need financial support to make a bigger impact in their industries. It is necessary for banks to provide them with adequate financing to make their operations more innovative. Banks need to implement effec tive processes, which enable them achieve sustainable development goals. They need to change their practices to make more people aware of the importance of sustainable development (Stephens and Skinner 178). Financial institutions need to change their attitudes towards social and environmental issues. They need to create effective systems to monitor if their borrowers are complying with crucial social and environmental standards. This will make it possible for them to assess if borrowers use loans for sustainable development. Banks need to provide low interest credit to lower income segments of the market, to enable them sustain positive relationships with their customers. Several European banks have been subjected to a lot of pressure by NGO’s and other watchdog bodies, to stop financing companies, which produce and sell arms (Struyk 330). Weapon manufacturers have been accused of fueling conflicts in war torn countries, which cause death, suffering and destruction. Therefor e, financial institutions need to be vigilant on business ethics to ensure they finance ventures which give people hope for the future. Stephens, Carolyn, and Chris Skinner. â€Å"Banks for a Better Planet? The Challenge of Sustainable Social and Environmental Development and The Emerging Response of The Banking Sector.† Environmental Development 5 (2013): 175-179. Print.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Sustainable Development: the Banking Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Struyk, Zach. â€Å"Book Reviews.† Resources Conservation and Recycling 37 (2003): 329-333. Print.

The History of the Phrase Double Coincidence of Wants

The History of the Phrase Double Coincidence of Wants Barter economies rely  on trading partners with mutually beneficial needs to agree to deals. For example, Farmer A might have a productive henhouse but no dairy cow while Farmer B has several dairy cows but no henhouse. The two farmers might agree to a regular swap of so many eggs for so much milk. Economists refer to this as a double coincidence of wants- double because there are two parties and a coincidence of wants because the two parties have mutually beneficial wants that match up perfectly. W.S. Jevons, a 19th-century English economist, coined the term and explained that it is an inherent flaw in bartering:  The first difficulty in barter is to find two persons whose disposable possessions mutually suit each others wants. There may be many people wanting, and many possessing those things wanted; but to allow  of  an act of barter there must be a double coincidence, which will rarely happen. The double coincidence of wants is also sometimes referred to as the dual coincidence of wants. Niche Markets Complicate Trades While it might be relatively easy to find trade partners for staples like milk and eggs, large and complex economies are full of niche products. AmosWEB offers the example of someone who produces artistically designed umbrella stands. The market for such umbrella stands likely is limited, and in order to barter with one of those stands, the artist first needs to find someone who wants one and then hope that the person has something of equal value the artist would be willing to accept in return. Money As a Solution Jevons point is relevant in economics because the institution of fiat money provides a more flexible approach to trade than barter. Fiat money is paper currency assigned value by a government. The United States, for example, recognizes the U.S. dollar as its form of currency, and it is accepted as legal tender throughout the country and even throughout the world. By using money, the need for a double coincidence is eliminated. Sellers need only find someone willing to buy their product, and there no longer is a need for the buyer to be selling precisely what the original seller wants. For example, the artist selling umbrella stands in AmosWEBs example might really need a new set of paintbrushes. By accepting money she no longer is limited to trading her umbrella  stands only to those offering paintbrushes in return. She can use the money she receives from selling an umbrella stand to buy the paintbrushes she needs. Saving Time One of the most significant benefits to using money is that it saves time. Again using the umbrella stand artist as an example, she no longer needs to use her time to find such precisely matched trading partners. She instead can use that time to produce more umbrella stands or other products featuring her designs, thus making her more productive. Time also plays an important role in the value of money, according to economist Arnold Kling. Part of what gives money its value is that its value holds up over time. The umbrella artist, for example, does not immediately need to use the money she earns in order to buy paintbrushes or whatever else it is she may need or want. She can hold onto that money until she needs or wants to spend it, and its value should be substantially the same. Bibliography Jevons, W.S. Money and the Mechanism of Exchange. London: Macmillan, 1875.

Marbury vs. Madison Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marbury vs. Madison Case - Essay Example Some legal scholars have accepted the legitimate reasoning of Marshall while others remain to challenge the decision he made toward the Marbury vs. Madison case. Alexander Bickel question John Marshall ruling, Bickel argued that Marshall Verdict in advocated justice for Marbury vs. Madison case was unconvincing and power-driven interpretation of jurisprudence. Marshall recommended that the Supreme Court had an outright obligation to strike-down every rule it discovers violated the constitution. â€Å"It is emphatically the province and duty of the Judicial Department to say what the law is" Bickel foresees that consenting the constitution to mean whatever the Supreme Court perceives to be right might turn the constitution into a mere document in the hands of the judges. Consequently, judges may twist and shape the constitution into any form that delights them rather than giving the legal decision that will facilitate court attaining decision that depict legitimate, fair and just rul ing. Alexander Mordecai Bickel puts evidently that the aim of John Marshall was using federalist tactic to craft a strong central government over the opposition of Jeffersonian who was alacritous to have a resilient state government. Therefore, John Marshal used the case to establish the Supreme Court as center of power, proficient at overruling the legislature, the president, and the state. Bickel believed that allowing Supreme Court to dictate the constitution might turn it susceptible as judges may desire to shape and twist the constitution towards their lusts, personal gains and egotistical interests2. It is important that Alexander Bickel’s notion is taken into consideration to circumvent future judges from using their positions for personal interest. Conversely, Supreme Court remained to be a vital constitutional independent branch, but it has to incorporate other institution such as congress, and the state interest thus fashioning a holistic relationship for sustainabl e governance of the country.

Market government Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Market government - Article Example However the generally accepted view points out to the housing bubble to be the prime reason. It all started with the collapse of Lehman Brothers and quickly penetrated into the market causing turbulence and system crash. This recession did not take place as a result of a business cycle that generally affects each and every economy. A number of reasons underlie this particular case of financial crisis including that of the shocks arising in the general business cycles which has been instrumental in disrupting the labor market equilibrium in the United States. The entire issue of the financial crisis is to be reviewed from all the angles of economics including the neoclassical, mixed liberal and the radical points of view to have a perspective of the entire event. This paper will enlighten the various perspectives put forward by the different schools of thoughts and accordingly place their views in the following paragraphs. The Neo Classical economists base their theories on the microeconomic principles which include the optimization of the individuals and firms and to determine the equilibrium price and output in the economy using the market forces of demand and supply. The theory considers that the people make rational decisions based on the information that they have about the market. The neoclassical economists explain the fluctuations in the economies as a result of the upturn of the business cycles in the economy (Blanchard, 2000). The economic variables that generally behave in a particular fashion in order to result in a recession have behaved in a most unusual manner in case of this particular financial crisis. The level of consumption, output investment as well as the employment of labor was much low. By analysis of the economic variables it was found that the crisis of the present period is much more severe compared to that of the Great Depression of 1937 or any other recessions that have ta ken place in the world. The drop in the level of

System Change Request Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

System Change Request - Essay Example The program will ensure that the system operate efficiently and provide quality services to customers. Ideally, the system will enhance delivery of services in the accounting department that is charged with the responsibility to administer cash transactions (Stair & Reynolds, 2010). Change request is significant for transformation management process since it sets appropriate signaling elements that report evident defects and operating gaps that may compromise quality in service delivery. Imperatively, change request emanate from the problem reports that are presented by users or signaling software’s. This is evident at Hill school where the change process of the billing system emanated from the user. The management was concerned on the operating capacity of the existing system and its efficiency. As stated, the school is in need of a system that is integrated with strong control software’s, effective and upholds high security standard to enhance the processing of the va st amount of data that they hold. Elements of the change process include customer ID, the change type, indication of the requirement or optional nature of the change process and change abstract. ... The emergency request seeks for contingency measures that may not need comprehensive planning. The main aim of the stage is to restore the operations of the system. Sensitive request is another priority stage that deals with identification of essential processes that the system cannot operate without. This ensures that the central elements in a system are well integrated to eradicate inferior execution of activities. System document request SDR from the users is another significant process in identifying the need for change within the operating system. This element states that system users have a crucial role in ensuring effective functionality of the infrastructural set up that they administer. Change request also originate from the events in the development of the system (Stair & Reynolds, 2010). That is the complications that are encountered at the time of implementation may lead to change of strategy during the integration process to facilitate quality in service delivery. Normal request is the last stage that deals with the implementation of ordinary needs. These are the needs that facilitate the effectiveness of the system. Evidently, Hillside school should integrate the new billing system in consideration to SCR priority based procedure. This is to enhance the functionality of the infrastructure by establishing and providing timely solutions to the evident problems presented by the users. Justification Change request is a credible project administration process that advances workflow and effectiveness of service delivery. The approach ensures superior operation of the infrastructural set ups that institutions use to coordinate activities through detailed identification and reporting of defects. This is critical since the

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Journal - Assignment Example ncourage and lead many of my friends towards these voluntary movements and could utilize their skills and abilities in contributing towards the cause of the community. The best achievement of my leadership is that I could initiate in my friends, a vision for a sustainable approach in all realms and life and evoke their responsibility towards the society. ii) You are a member of many groups that may include these: family member, University Sem class, human race, dorm resident, sports team, etc. What is your biggest contribution, typically, to the groups in which you hold membership? My biggest contribution to the communities I have associated with is that I could successfully be a good family member. I could do my role to the best as a son (daughter), as a brother (sister) and adhered best to the family values. As it is the family that contributes the most towards the making of a good personality, this role of mine will ensure me to be responsible and successful in all realms of life to come across. When I was sent to school I made my parents proud as a good student. I could make them proud among their relatives and friends as a good person with bright future. With all the hard work done, the good fame could be maintained at the college level as well. My contribution to my neighborhood as well has been substantial. I could use my managerial capacities to negotiate with many of the public systems to bring in basic infrastructures in the local township. I could strategically unite people to have a unified voice resultantly increasing their bargaining capacity. Th is made their voice heard much better and the authorities could not stay away from addressing the issues. My role as college student in many ways holds responsibilities of varied kinds. Apart from the academic level responsibilities which would form the foundation of my career, the college environment demands me to delver much more in the organizational and cultural perspective as well. The diversity among

Commercial Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Commercial Law - Essay Example If the organization decides that they want a refund of their money or the leather, then they are a few steps to be followed. First and fore most, since the organization has already been notified that the company is being liquidated, they automatically become a trustee1. This is in relation to the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act. In the United Kingdom, the law that is responsible for dealing with both individuals and firms that face bankruptcy or insolvency is the Insolvency Law of the United Kingdom. There are key statutes that are involved in the bankruptcy and insolvency act. These include the Insolvency act 1986 which was amended by the Enterprise Act 2002, the Companies Act 2006 and the Company Director Disqualification Act 19862. The pari passu is the essential procedure that dictates how the goods will be distributed among the creditors in the UK insolvency law. Unless the statute displays preferred creditors, then a contract might be used that was signed between the organization and the creditor3. Since the Leather Craft knows where their goods lie, and they have been automatically declared as creditors, the contract they signed will assist them in the process. This means that the security interests to the assets of the company are entitled to the creditor. In this case, the approach that the law of UK takes is to give out either specific or fixed asset that the creditor has applied for. Situated at the Companies House, the law requires the interested assets of the company are filed on the companies charges of register. Leather craft must provide a debenture. Debenture simply means that the document which contains either the secured or unsecured debt owed by the company to their creditors4. Although the companies Act of 2006 requires the organization to have its own list of debentures, the Companies House requires all the debentures, which are secured by charge, be registered with them5. The main aim of the registration is to find out which company should be given first priority in the list of creditors. First, the Leather Craft companies must decide whether they can make an agreement with the company, which is voluntary on how to receive their dues. If they want a refund, they can agree with the board of directors for the Cattlerear Ltd if they can receive less in order to assist the company from insolvency6. Consequently, since the required goods are in the warehouse and they have already paid for them, they can agree to possess up the goods that are in the warehouse. In addition to that, if the company goes under new administration, this is according to the Enterprise Act of 2002 in which a trained insolvency practitioner will take up as new administration7. If this happens, since the specific goods that the Leather Craft industry wants are in the warehouse, they can agree with the new Cattlerear ltd administrator to have their goods, which are located in the warehouse. However, if none of these procedures are taken up, then all t he assets of the companies can be sold and the Leather Craft industry can have their refund back if they do not want the leather that the Cattlerear has which is located in their warehouse. This is after the Leather Craft Industry has completed either forms that display that they owe the company the goods and that they want a refund of their money back or their goods in which they are aware they are located in the warehouse. It should be noted that if a qualified insolvency prac

Personal and Professional Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personal and Professional Development - Essay Example Times have changed and are continuing to change as the gauntlet is transferred from one form of learning expertise to another. While previously it was enough for a teacher to be able to handle simple routine tasks, this definition has passed into oblivion in recent times. Above everything else, a teacher must be possessed with a vision to go forward and to explore new turf. Modern life is all about integration and modern teaching and learning are following the same path. Consider for example the state of communication that we exist in today. Only a few years ago it was common to have a phone at the office, a cellular phone in the pocket, a fax machine on the desk, a desktop computer and other such articles to deal with communication. Today all of these things have disappeared altogether. Everything is integrated. It is extremely common today to find all of this communication equipment and more (such as GPS, location tracking and the like) in a simple Smartphone that sits in your pocket. This trend of integration has not been limited to high end executives and CEOs alone. Instead integration has been sweeping the entire socio-economic strata from end to end. A Smartphone is as common in the Corner Office as it is with children attending high school these days. The key thing to take note of here is integration. Much similar to communication equipment, teaching and learning are becoming more and more constrained to integrate with other things in order to drive the efficacy and success of both. Modern careers are coming under increasing pressure to obtain individuals who have more than one area of expertise. The modern manager for a car repair business for example may need to know how to handle people, how to mix paint, how to repair fenders, how to create budgets and other such functions all at the same time. This situation is different from the specialization that was offered under the Fordist model of growth that calls for specialization. Instead a manager and a lead er today need to have essential skills in their bag to deal with the competitive nature of the market. This is only possible if the learning offered to the modern student is enough to handle the strains of modern careers. Modern learners need to be offered various avenues to explore their own potential in order to produce individuals who are ready to pick the gauntlet and walk with it. Traditional methods of learning including blackboards and hard printed books are all but things of the past. The modern learner is far more interested in finding the information they require using digital methods rather than having to search through volumes of printed material. It could be expected that children would need to be taught how to extract information. However, in the modern day this situation is nowhere to be found. Instead the teacher is at times learning from students as to extracting information from the internet. Modern students are well equipped and prepared to handle the information t

Illegal Immigration in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Illegal Immigration in America - Essay Example Throughout most of American history, America has portrayed an existence of invasion, and has stepped foot into almost every battlefield and continent in the world. Taking this aggressive stance towards diplomacy, America should not be able to forget its past, and say that after destroying so much land and taking over so many peoples, it is now not going to let immigration happen. After all, this country was built on immigrants, and to not allow immigrants into this country is simply against all past policies of the United States. To invade so many lands, and then turn the other check and not allow other people into our own country is hypocrisy, and should not be the stance America takes. Even at the start of our own history, Americans looked towards the West. The idea of Manifest Destiny grew up in popular opinion, and people began to push the boundaries of the United States further and further West. This feeling of territorial claim that the United States has to the rest of the fron tier was used to justify many of our territorial expansions. Manifest Destiny "has also been used to advocate for or justify other territorial acquisitions. Advocates of Manifest Destiny believed that expansion was not only good, but that it was obvious ("manifest") and certain ("destiny")" (Manifest, 2007). This idea is still relevant today, when people feel that America has the right, or even the calling to police other areas of the world. However, America tends to expand without thinking or care towards the native people of the land. When America was first being colonized for example, some historians estimate that up to 80% of some Native populations died due to European diseases"(Native, 2007). This apparent lack of disregard continued through American history, as we took over Native American lands and put them on reservations, all trying to further expand our power. But now, when other peoples look to move into this country, we are not allowing them to do so. Even if this country was one taken on behalf of other people. As America continued to grow, so did its outward policies of getting involved in other countries. However, today we will not return the favor by allowing other counties to send their immigrants to our land. For instance, in 1989 the United States intruded upon Panama, disposing a leader we did not approve of. The United States "incursion into Panama began on December 20, 1989, at 0100 local time. The operation involved 27,684 U.S. troops and over 300 aircraft -including the AC-130 Spectre gunship, OA-37B Dragonfly observation and attack aircraft, and the F-117A Nighthawk stealth aircraft and AH-64 Apache attack helicopter, the AH-64 and the F-117A both seeing their first combat deployment. These were deployed against the 16,000 members of the Panama Defense Force" (United,2007). We also set up a new President, a President we approved of. However, we were really justified in taking action in this region Or was the 'father' idea of the United States getting the best of us Either way, i f we were to invade a country, one would think that we would then allow immigrants from that country. However, one can see today that that is not the case, and that America is

S5W7Qs Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

S5W7Qs Response - Assignment Example In contrast, there was sufficient military personal in the case of Kosovo and Bosnia. This insecure environment in Iraq has greatly curtailed nation building in Iraq. In Bosnia and Kosovo there is relative peace and security that has facilitated nation building (Lampe, 2013). Nation building in Iraq has also not had good progress because of the inappropriate US policies. The country is still insecure but due to pressures from home the Obama administration is promising to withdraw all the troops from Iraq. State building process is a long term goal, take for example nation building in Bosnia began in the winter of 1995 and that in Kosovo began in the spring of 1999 (Lecture Notes, 2011). This process is presently still ongoing. For Iraq to realize a stable state it is necessary for its security to be boosted. This has not been the case; foreign military personnel have been attacked in Iraq leading to calls for withdrawal of the personnel and for governments not to lose popularity with their citizens they have been reducing their military presence in Iraq. Sectarian violence is a threat to state building in Iraq (Gairdner, 2012). The solution to this violence can only be achieved by proper policy measures by the United States. The proper policies include security policies, political persuasion, and economic policies should all be geared towards reducing sectarian violence. Political Persuasion: The United States should work with the government to prevent creation of autonomous factions which could lead to further partitioning the country. It should help the government to control oil revenue. The sects should not be allowed to control this revenue because it can be used to fund their activities. The oil revenue can be vital in funding the security of Iraq. The United States should also check on Iraq’s neighbors like Syria and Iran to ensure that they do not fund sections that cause violence in Iraq (Grant et al, 2007). Security

Problem Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problem Resolution - Essay Example he first important issue to be answered is whether the position of an administrator has indeed the authority to approve any cancellation of privileges and credentials of a medical staff including that of physicians and the authority to approve their termination from employment. On a side issue which must also be determined but however must be answered primarily by Dr. Clark, is whether a chief of the medical staff has the authority to cancel privileges and credentials of a medical staff and to terminate them from employment of the hospital. These issues are important since the Dr. Clark’s proposed action is premised on his claim that he has the power to cancel Dr. Kirk’s privileges and credentials and also the power to terminate him. Dr. Clark also claims that this proposed action could be done if there is approval from the administrator which is given such great weight. Hence, an examination of applicable laws, rules and regulations including an examination of the hosp ital handbook or policy is important to answer this issue. The second issue is on the validity of the employment contracts which serve the basis for any physician’s employment. In the cited scenario, physicians are employed by means of employment contracts. Its validity serves as a basis for either party in defending a discharge or termination of a medical staff or the basis for a claim on the part of the medical staff claimant (Shepard, 2007). Hence, it must be determined whether the employment contract is in accordance with the Constitution, applicable laws, statutes, policies, rules and regulations governing employment in healthcare organization, to be considered as a valid contract. Otherwise, the contract may be declared void for being against the Constitution or against the applicable law, rule, regulation or hospital policy, and may not be used by either parties for their respective claims and defenses. Other relevant laws, rules and regulations would then apply. If there is a valid

Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

1 - Assignment Example This results from the absence of causes, conditions or other necessary determinations of choice or behaviour. The definition of this term is usually negative, not affirmative. Spontaneous people do not necessarily exercise free will. Their behaviour is often seen to be prompted by proximate causes. Often, free will is translated to mean â€Å"could have done otherwise.† Determinism is the philosophical view that all events, including mental events, have a cause. In other words, all states of affairs, both physical and mental, are conditioned by their causes and are describable by scientific law. In a deterministic universe, there are no free will, no miracles and no chance events. The classic view of determinism was expressed by Laplace. Given sufficient knowledge of every particle in the universe, he believed any future event or past could be exactly calculated. I subscribe to the doctrine of Free will. This is because in business, the school of thought is that there is always something a person can do to achieve a desired result. In determinism, we cannot have sufficient knowledge of every particle but acts in part as business ventures must be calculated using the available relevant information. D. Self Service- This consists of acts that are committed for the betterment of the society. A moral person who practises true self service is promoted by his peers as an individual who should be followed There is no distinction between the general and business attributes of a moral person. Thus no distinction should exist between them as they are both in tandem, complimenting each other .Moral leadership characteristics are developed over time and influenced by upbringing, life experience, immediate social norms and training. 3. A promise is a firm agreement to perform an act, refrain from acting or make a payment or deliver. To be legally binding as a contract, a promise must be exchanged for adequate

Business Law case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Law case - Essay Example He was walking on a commonly used footpath adjacent to the rail road belonging to Erie railroad company, a company registered in the state of New York, and an object protruding outwards from what looked liked the railcar’s door struck him, knocking him down. His arms were crashed beneath the car’s doors (Erie 33). The ground for diversity of citizenship allowed the plaintiff to invoke ‘Jurisdiction’ on the New York federal court. At the lower court, the issues were whether the plaintiff’s negligence contributed to the proximity course of the injury. The plaintiffs claim was that the defendant violated his right by hauling the car’s doors at him. The defendant on his part argued that, he had not in any way violated any of the plaintiff’s rights and that the injury to the plaintiff was caused by his own negligence (Erie 34). The defendants denied liability arguing that the duty owed to Tompkins was not greater than that owed to a trespasser. According to them, the Liability borne by Tompkins should be determined according to Pennsylvanian law as allowed by Section 34 of the United States’ Federal Judiciary Act. On his part, Tompkins argument was that, ordinary negligence standards should be applied as required by Federal common law (Erie 34). The lower court decided in favor of Tompkins, where he was awarded $ 30000 by the jury. On appeal, the decision was upheld. The defendants petitioned the court for a stay of Certiorari. The stay was granted to the railway company until the court could come up with a decision. Long before this case was brought forth, there had been an exceptionally clear law regarding the matter at hand. Section 34 of the Federal Judiciary Act provided that; the several state’s law shall only be applicable in a common law trial in making the decision, except where it is otherwise required or provided by the United States Constitution, treaties or statutes, United States courts or in applicable cases. Justice Story

S5W7Qs Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

S5W7Qs Response - Assignment Example In contrast, there was sufficient military personal in the case of Kosovo and Bosnia. This insecure environment in Iraq has greatly curtailed nation building in Iraq. In Bosnia and Kosovo there is relative peace and security that has facilitated nation building (Lampe, 2013). Nation building in Iraq has also not had good progress because of the inappropriate US policies. The country is still insecure but due to pressures from home the Obama administration is promising to withdraw all the troops from Iraq. State building process is a long term goal, take for example nation building in Bosnia began in the winter of 1995 and that in Kosovo began in the spring of 1999 (Lecture Notes, 2011). This process is presently still ongoing. For Iraq to realize a stable state it is necessary for its security to be boosted. This has not been the case; foreign military personnel have been attacked in Iraq leading to calls for withdrawal of the personnel and for governments not to lose popularity with their citizens they have been reducing their military presence in Iraq. Sectarian violence is a threat to state building in Iraq (Gairdner, 2012). The solution to this violence can only be achieved by proper policy measures by the United States. The proper policies include security policies, political persuasion, and economic policies should all be geared towards reducing sectarian violence. Political Persuasion: The United States should work with the government to prevent creation of autonomous factions which could lead to further partitioning the country. It should help the government to control oil revenue. The sects should not be allowed to control this revenue because it can be used to fund their activities. The oil revenue can be vital in funding the security of Iraq. The United States should also check on Iraq’s neighbors like Syria and Iran to ensure that they do not fund sections that cause violence in Iraq (Grant et al, 2007). Security

Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

1 - Assignment Example This results from the absence of causes, conditions or other necessary determinations of choice or behaviour. The definition of this term is usually negative, not affirmative. Spontaneous people do not necessarily exercise free will. Their behaviour is often seen to be prompted by proximate causes. Often, free will is translated to mean â€Å"could have done otherwise.† Determinism is the philosophical view that all events, including mental events, have a cause. In other words, all states of affairs, both physical and mental, are conditioned by their causes and are describable by scientific law. In a deterministic universe, there are no free will, no miracles and no chance events. The classic view of determinism was expressed by Laplace. Given sufficient knowledge of every particle in the universe, he believed any future event or past could be exactly calculated. I subscribe to the doctrine of Free will. This is because in business, the school of thought is that there is always something a person can do to achieve a desired result. In determinism, we cannot have sufficient knowledge of every particle but acts in part as business ventures must be calculated using the available relevant information. D. Self Service- This consists of acts that are committed for the betterment of the society. A moral person who practises true self service is promoted by his peers as an individual who should be followed There is no distinction between the general and business attributes of a moral person. Thus no distinction should exist between them as they are both in tandem, complimenting each other .Moral leadership characteristics are developed over time and influenced by upbringing, life experience, immediate social norms and training. 3. A promise is a firm agreement to perform an act, refrain from acting or make a payment or deliver. To be legally binding as a contract, a promise must be exchanged for adequate

Efficiency in a Unit of a District Health Authority Essay

Efficiency in a Unit of a District Health Authority - Essay Example Also, managers will have a hard job ÃŽ ¿f finding out how to improve things. Good communication ensures that people are all aiming and working towards one common goal. By communicating effectively the management can explain objectives and employees have the chance to share their views. There are many ways that managers can communicate with the staff it can be written or verbal. There is a lack ÃŽ ¿f formality with staff and the workplace is ÃŽ ¿f a relaxed atmosphere. There is not a lot ÃŽ ¿f organisational structure evident this is apparent as the dietary department is run by a team and there is no manager, however, there is a senior nurse. Nurses had to help with administrative duties to help clear the backlog. They were doing the job ÃŽ ¿f the receptionist; the receptionist was not carrying out their duties. There are a mixture ÃŽ ¿f views on how the department should be run. It is good to have a mixture ÃŽ ¿f views however this can cause conflict and also shows lack ÃŽ ¿f direction. When employees have different views they will priories differently. With a proper organisation, chart introduced it would help to overcome the informality within the department as it would clearly state the different staff levels and make objectives become unified. Authority will then flow through the hierarchy. Hierarchies can motivate staff. Maslow’s hierarchy ÃŽ ¿f needs show that different things motivate people and that they have needs to be satisfied. Employees must be satisfied to work properly. He also theorized that a person could not recognise or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy unit her or his recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied, a concept called Prepotency. According to various works of literature on motivation, it suggests that individuals often have problems consistently articulating what they want from a job and this would have been no different in the case ÃŽ ¿f East Neasden’s clinical staff. Therefore, a problem could be that the non- clinical staff such the general manager ignored that these members ÃŽ ¿f staff said that they want, instead of telling them what he ( the new general manager) wants, based on what managers believe most people want under the circumstances.  Ã‚  

American Slavery 1606-1775 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Slavery 1606-1775 - Essay Example However, this also suggests that slavery was an important institution within the colonies long before the need for outside support was necessary. â€Å"Unquestionably it was a demand for labor which dragged the Negro to American shores, but the status which he acquired here cannot be explained by reference to that economic motive. Long before black labor was as economically important as unfree white labor, the Negro had been consigned to a special discriminatory status which mirrored the social discrimination Englishmen practiced against him.†2 This treatment of the black individual within the new continent began with the Spanish, expanded to the colonies as the native populations began dying out and became increasingly abhorrent in regards to denying human rights as the nation moved toward Revolutionary War. Initially, when the Spanish controlled the Caribbean islands, their interests were only in the mining of silver and gold. When the riches of the mines had been exhausted, the search for additional wealth moved inland and the Spaniards adopted a plantation based economy.3 Products from the Americas such as tobacco, cotton, cocoa and sugar were becoming increasingly popular in Europe which caused the Caribbean plantations growing these commodities to grow accordingly. The shortage of man-power to operate these ever-growing plantations required many numbers of slaves from Africa to be imported. As the Spaniards were reaping the rewards from its colonization of the Americas, their need for additional labor in the mines and plantations continued to grow. However, the local population was dwindling with the influx of disease and abuse and this, combined with Spain abolishing the enslavement of natives in the Americas in the mid 1500’s, necessitated a need to acquire Africans to fil l their labor requirements.4 In the initial phase of slavery in the